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Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho, GCTE, GCC, generally known simply as Gago Coutinho ((:ˈkaɾluʒ ˈvjeɣɐʒ ˈɣaɣu kowˈtĩɲu); 17 February 1869 – 18 February 1959) was a Portuguese aviation pioneer who, together with Sacadura Cabral (1881–1924), was the first to cross the South Atlantic Ocean by air, from March to June 1922 (some sources wrongly claim 1919), from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro.〔(N.R.P. Almirante Gago Coutinho ) in Portuguese.〕 The Fairey IIIB seaplane used by Coutinho and Cabral for their transatlantic flight did not have enough fuel capacity to make the entire trip unaided so various stops were made along the way and the aviators were shadowed by a support ship, ''República''. On the journey down the Brazilian coast a heavy rain storm caused the aircraft’s engine to fail and the aviators were forced to ditch in the ocean. Realizing that something was wrong, the ''República'' sent out a distress signal asking other ships in the area to look out for the seaplane. After some time in the water, the aviators were found by a British freighter. The ''Paris City'' of the Reardon Smith Line, under Captain A.E. Tamlyn, en route from Cardiff to Rio, rescued Coutinho and Cabral; they completed their journey with a new aircraft. A commemorative painting of the rescue〔(Um Guacho de Stuart ) Illustration of the rescue - text in Portuguese〕 was produced by the Portuguese comic artist, José Stuart Carvalhais (‘Stuart’). Gago Coutinho invented a type of sextant incorporating two spirit levels to provide an artificial horizon.〔(History of the Sextant ) includes a photograph of a Gago Coutinho spirit level attachment.〕 This adaptation of the traditional marine sextant allowed navigation without visual reference to the real horizon. He also invented an optical flight instrument, to be mounted on the plane's cockpit floor, which measures leeway in flight whenever ground remains visible. ==Gallery== File:First South TransAtlantic flight monument in Lisbon.jpg|Lisbon monument to the flight File:First South TransAtlantic flight monument route in Lisbon.jpg|Lisbon monument of the route File:Vuelo Gago Coutinho y Sacadura Cabral.svg|Route of the first to cross the South Atlantic Ocean by air Image:Monumentoa Gago Coutinho e Sacadura Cabral em Grândola.JPG|Monument to Sacadura Cabral and Gago Coutinho in Grândola (Portugal) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gago Coutinho」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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